Since April 2017 I have been using a Nikon D610 with a Nikkor 45 mm f/2.8D ED Perspective Control lens on a tripod. I also have a Nikkor 24-70 mm f/2.8G ED-IF AF-S lens and a Nikkor 180 mm f/2.8D AF ED-IF lens, but I seldom use them. I use the D610 to simultaneously capture a 6016×4016, 24.0 MB raw (NEF) image and a 3.0 MB (“Normal”) JPG image at the manufacturer’s Recommended Exposure Index (REI) of 100 with automatic white balance.

In March of 2018 I started using a Sony Alpha 7ii with an Sony 35mm F2.8 Sonnar T FE ZA as a hand-held “street camera. It produces a 6000×4000, 24.0 MB raw (ARW) image and a 3.0 MB (“Normal”) JPG image at the manufacturer’s Recommended Exposure Index (REI) of 100 with automatic white balance.

With both of these cameras, I am using aperture priority (setting aperture and  allowing the camera to set exposure time), segmented metering, the in-camera histogram and local overexposure signals, and exposure compensation to adjust the exposures.

I initially used a Nikon N6006 with a Nikkor 24-120mm (f/3.5-5.6) lens and later used a Nikon F100 with Nikkor 35-70mm (f/2.8), 180mm (f/2.8), and 24mm (f/2.8) IF-ED lenses with Kodak Ektachrome VS 100 slides. I used a tripod in almost all situations. I scanned selected frames at 2450 dpi with a Nikon CoolScan V ED (dynamic range of 3.6, that is, 12-bit color range) to create 25 MB files.

In March 2009 I started using a Nikon D90 DSLR with a Nikkor 17-55 mm f/2.8G ED-IF lens. I used the D90 to simultaneously capture a 4288×2848, 12.2 MB raw (NEF) image and a 3.0 MB (“Normal”) JPG image at the manufacturer’s Recommended Exposure Index (REI) of 200 with automatic white balance.

When I was using a zoom lens, I decided on focal length of the lens (for a particular angle of view), aperture number (for a particular field of focus), and distance to the subject before I think about exposure. I would shoot in Manual mode adjusting the shutter speed to target the midtone on the in-camera exposure line. I make my first image using the camera’s segmented/matrix metering. After I get over my excitement about the scene, I switch to spot metering and get (and record) shutter speed or exposure compensation values for all the important surfaces in the scene. Based on what I see, I adjust the exposure compensation to place a particular surface at the appropriate (one-third stop) target in an eight-stop photosensitive range.

The whole process is thoroughly explained in my book, Photographic Exposure Calculations and Camera Operation.

I “develop” my image files using Adobe Photoshop Lightroom. The steps in my image workflow include:

• Calibrate my monitor to create an accurate ICC profile to include with the image.
• Convert my NEF image files to DNG files on import.
• Color code the DNG files as “Originals – Do Not Edit”.
• Add location and description keywords to selected images
• Stack the DNG and JPG images with the DNG on top.
• Rate the images by promoting and demoting them in comparison with other images of the same rating.
• Create a virtual copy of the DNG image.
• Color code the copy as “Copy for Editing”.
• Move the Copy for Editing to the top of the stack of similar images.
• Log my observations about and changes to each images that I “develop” on a page created in an online (Google Doc) notebook with an adjustment (workflow) template.
• Examine the Histogram for gaps at Blacks and Whites ends.
• Remove Chromatic Aberration.
• Transform the image to align the vertical and horizontal lines.
• Align (rotate) and crop the image.
• Visualize and remove spots using either Clone or Heal Spot Removal.
• Create a Snapshot named “Rotate, Crop, and Spot”.
• Auto Tone the image and record the values.
• Examine the image for clipping.
• Examine the image with a Color Treatment to see the effect of Auto Tone.
• Adjust the Exposure, Contrast, and other Tone parameters to extend the edges of the Histogram without clipping and to produce a natural appearance.
• Examine, record, and adjust the White Balance.
• Use the Tone Curves, the Target Adjustment Tool, and the region adjustment sliders to adjust the exposure and contrast of particular regions of the image.
• Examine the image with a Black & White Treatment for contrast.
• Ignore Presence adjustments as they tend to make the image appear unnatural.
• Sharpen the image using a slight Amount adjustment to activate the Detail sliders, a Radius adjustment, a Mask adjustment, a Detail adjustment, a larger Amount adjustment, and a final Detail adjustment.
• Adjust the Luminance and Color Noise Reduction.
• Check that Lightroom automatically included a Lens Correction.
• Examine a Spot Proof of the image.
• Print the image with a Relative Colorimetric Intent on glossy paper with a copyright statement, title, capture date, and print date in the Photo Info below the image.